Answer:
Strong social controls is not a necessary element for collective behavior to occur, according to value-added theory.
Option: (d)
Step-by-step explanation:
- According to the value-added theory, the collective behavior only develops when there is addition of collective behavior in the society.
- For the collective to occur, it is compulsory that each of the elements are present.
- The mere collectiveness of structural strain, spread of generalized grief, structural conduciveness, communication among the crowd and a good leadership from the leader is a must.
- But, there should not be strong social controls in the society.
- Value added theory is also the framework that helps to prepare, predict and study collective behavior.