Answer:b. generation effect.
Step-by-step explanation:
Students seems to grasp well the information that they have generated than to recall what has been learn or given to them as part of information.
It is hard though to have learners engage in the learning on their own will so it becomes unlikely that you can find them generating the information bon their own they need task that will motivates such behaviour.
When a learners generate their own answers it is easy to recall that information, they can generate their Information through summarizing a passage for instance or creating their own questions from a subject or comparing concept and generating their own word description.