Answer:
A) product modification
Step-by-step explanation:
Procter & Gamble modified Tide Basic's quality (lowered the quality) in order to lower costs and offer it at a lower price.
Product modifications are usually made by companies that try to extend the product cycle of aging products, or in this case extend its product line. Product modifications usually involve small changes to existing products, e.g. different packaging sizes, new flavors, etc. Companies do this in an attempt to extend the product's popularity.