Final answer:
A calorimeter is a container used to measure heat changes. We can calculate the final temperature by considering the heat gained by the water and ice, and the heat lost by the lead. Using the specific heat capacities and masses of the substances, we can set up an equation to find the final temperature.
Step-by-step explanation:
A calorimeter is a container that is used to measure heat changes in a system. In this case, we have a copper calorimeter containing water and ice, and we want to find the final temperature when a lead is dropped into the calorimeter. Since the calorimeter is well-insulated and no heat is lost to the surroundings, we can apply the principle of heat transfer between substances in thermal equilibrium to solve this problem.
We can start by calculating the heat gained by the water and ice, which can be determined using the specific heat capacities and masses of these substances. Then, we can calculate the heat lost by the lead using its specific heat capacity and mass. Since the net heat change is zero at thermal equilibrium, we can set up an equation to find the final temperature.
Using the formula Q = mcΔT, where Q is the heat transferred, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature, we can calculate the temperatures of the water, ice, and lead before they reach thermal equilibrium and solve for the final temperature of the system.