Question

Describe the human loop of Henle and the process of filtration and réabsorption that takes place in our kidneys, and what benefit longer loops would be in other animals.

Answer 1

Answer AND Explanation:

Process of filtration and reabsorption

The efferent arteriole is narrower than the afferent arteriole. As a result, high blood pressure develops in the glomerulus which causes ultrafiltration into the capsular space. Blood cells and blood protein molecules because of their large size remain inside the glomerular capillaries and the filtrate contains glucose, minerals salts, water and waste products like urea.

All glucose, amino acids, vitamins and 80% of the salts are actively reabsorbed into the proximal convoluted tubule. In the loop of henle more water is reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule some salts and water are reabsorbed.

Benefits of longer loops

The loop of henle concentrates sodium, chloride in the medulla of the kidney. This causes vigorous reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts.

Mammals that live in arid areas have very long loops of henle that penetrate deep in the medulla as well as a high level of ADH to enhance the reabsorption of water.