Question

Shannon hears a strange rattling noise on her nature walk and then sees a black bear in the clearing. She feels terror but escapes without injury. Now when she walks in the woods, when she hears a rattling noise she instantly feels fear. This best illustrates:

Answer 1

The answer is classical conditioning.

Step-by-step explanation:

This refers to the association of a stimulus (in this case, the rattling sound) with an unconditioned stimulus (a bear attack), provoking a conditioned response (fear).

One of the best illustrators of classical conditioning was Ivan Pavlov. He is famous for an experiment in which he rang a bell before feeding a dog. In time, the dog associated the sound of the bell with food. The dog soon started salivating just by hearing the sound.