Answer:
The answer is classical conditioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the classical conditioning theory by Ivan Pavlov, a conditioned simulus (the squirt of water) is associated with an unconditioned simulus (the shock), and provokes a conditioned response (withdrawal).
A famous experiment involves Pavlov ringing a bell every time he was going to feed a dog. In time, the dog started salivating just by hearing the sound of the bell.