Final answer:
The key enzymes for DNA replication include DNA helicase, DNA polymerase (with different types in prokaryotes and eukaryotes), primase for RNA primer synthesis, topoisomerase for managing DNA tension, and single-stranded binding proteins to separate DNA strands.
Step-by-step explanation:
The enzymes that are involved in the three main steps in DNA replication are DNA helicase, which unwinds the DNA double helix; DNA polymerase, which, in prokaryotes, comes in three main types, DNA pol I, DNA pol II, and DNA pol III, where DNA pol III is essential for DNA synthesis, and DNA pol I and II are involved in repair.
In eukaryotes, the enzymes include DNA polymerase alpha, delta (in association with PCNA), and epsilon. Another critical enzyme in the initiation of replication is primase, which synthesizes a short RNA primer necessary for DNA polymerase to start adding nucleotides. Additionally, topoisomerase (DNA gyrase) and single-stranded binding proteins (SSB or DBP) play roles in managing DNA tension and keeping DNA strands apart.