Answer: all of them express faith ...faith goes through changes and transformations. Cathedrals represent aspiration of faith (when Europe is still united under Catholic papacy), faith which is not yet endangered by the decadence of institutionalized religion (church) and unified under the pope. But it is at the same time age of Crusades (extroverted and military aspect of Christian faith): Philip II August, Richard I Coeur de Lion, Friedrich Barbarossa, Friedrich II.
Explanation: Europe united under Christian kings and emperor with a roman pope ...that is a time of Crusades and cathedrals. When reform comes along (1517) all that is lost ... but this spiritual crisis had its precursors, reforms of the church like Wyclef or Huss, philosophers like Ockham and Marsiglio de Padua and others. It became evident that Catholic church and papacy had political and profane aspirations.