Japanese pirates smuggled foreign goods into China and Chinese goods to foreign markets.
Explanation:
Ming dynasty ruled in China from 1368-1644 and it was last Chinese imperial dynasty ruled by Han Chinese (East-Asian ethnic group & native of China). Basically “Haijin” laws (A series of isolationist Chinese policies which prohibit private maritime trading during Ming period) formed to shield coasts from “Japanese/Dwarf pirates” called “Wokou” (known for raiding coastline of China between 4th -16th century) but instead turned number of them into smugglers and pirates themselves.