Answer: With the Independence of the Thirteen Colonies in 1776, the colonies became independent states, but united in a Federation, with republican and presidential political representation.
The Reconstruction had both positive and negative effects. If one side of African Americans are sending more experiments on the future economy of the south, because the economy was in a good way, the economy was growing in the South. On the other hand there are many protests against violations against this measure, many wanted to return to political control and that African Americans still have some service way.