Answer: d. blood colloid osmotic pressure
Step-by-step explanation:
The colloid osmotic pressure is a kind of pressure that is induced by the proteins on the blood vessel's plasma. This process results in displacement of the water molecules thus results in the urine that is relatively deficit of water molecules. This pressure has a opposing effect on the hydrostatic blood pressure which pushes the water and small molecules out of the blood inside the interstitial spaces that is within the arterial end of the capillaries.
The colloid osmotic pressure is caused by the albumin protein thus imparts deep yellow color to the urine.