Answer: a - the management and board of directors of the targeted firm disapprove of the proposed merger
Explanation:
A hostile takeover is a situation where the board of directors and senior managers are against the proposed merger.
There are several pre-offer takeover defense mechanisms. One of them is the golden parachute.
The golden parachute is a compensation agreement between a firm and its senior managers. The firm promises a very lucrative amount of money if the senior managers leave the firm if there's a change of control.
There are also post offer takeover defense. They include:
A. The crown jewel - in a crown jewel the firm sells off a subsidiary or an asset to a third party in an effort to mitigate the hostile take over.
B. Greenmail - the target buys its shares back from the acquiring company at a price higher than the market price. This is done with an agreement that the acquirer leaves the target company. It is a form of payoff by the target company.