Answer:
d. Designate Friday afternoons as time for employees pursue outside interests loosely related to the business.
Step-by-step explanation:
Carlos is trying out and changing to rely on a top-down strategic management approach to a bottom-up approach. This change is stated in his willingness to encourage his employees to start contributing to the strategy formulation process.
To designate Friday afternoons as a time for employees to pursue outside interests is a key and radical step to encourage his employees in a bottom-up management strategy approach building. A bottom-up approach looks to develop ideas, strategies, and plans from all levels of the company, stimulating employee participation in decision-making.
That Carlos was the manager of a graphic design firm is not a minor detail due to those companies which are immersed in a market that competes with a high degree of creativity usually innovates through a bottom-up organization.