Answer: A ratio scale of measurement.
Explanation: Ratio scale can be defined as the measurement that is based on the quantity of the object .It consist of the intervals for determining the measurements with the characteristic of zero point.
As the situation mentioned in the question about Todd conducting the research on the basis of asking about number of friends from the students displays that he is measuring the quantity and thus using the ratio scale of measurement.If someone has no friends then zero pint will be indicated.
Other options are incorrect because qualitative variable is based on quality , categorical variable refers to category and other-report-measure is the indirect method for measurement.