Answer:The judicial philosophy known as d. strict constructionism
Step-by-step explanation:
Strict constructionism refers to a philosophy of the U.S law which states that the law must be applied as written when ruling a case and it doesn't allow any further judicial review of the law or constitution but only to apply it as it is.
The law is taken from the words exactly as they are written down which means the judge is not allowed to look at the intent of the law. This means there is no space left to allow the judge to scrutinize and consider the context under which that law was established or to examine it in relation to that particular case at that moment to see if it can truly be applied on that case. It is a narrow view that expect an individual to take what the law says and apply it with no question asked .