Final answer:
Atlanta's economic recovery after the Civil War was primarily due to city leaders' focus on rebuilding and modernizing the railroad network, which facilitated industrial growth and economic diversification. The increased rail miles and standardized tracks integrated Atlanta's economy with the national market, benefiting particularly the textile industry. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
What contributed to Atlanta's rapid economic recovery after the Civil War? The primary factor was b) City leaders focused on rebuilding Atlanta's railroad network. New South proponents like editor Henry Grady were instrumental in advocating for infrastructure redevelopment, particularly the railroads which were crucial for economic integration and development.
By addressing Southern rail infrastructure that had previously been haphazard and poorly interconnected, promoters increased the total rail miles by 400 percent during the 1870s and 1880s. Additionally, they reconstructed existing track to meet national standards, allowing for the seamless operation of trains across various cities.
Apart from improving the railroad network, these efforts also aided in diversifying the economy, shifting from an agriculture-centric to a more industrial framework. By the end of the 19th century, Atlanta witnessed substantial growth within its textile industry, housing more than 100,000 workers. However, it is important to note that this growth had its own trade-offs as many mills came under the ownership of Northerners who benefited from the lower wages offered in the South.