Question

From Pecos Pueblo near the edge of the Great Plains to Acoma and Zuni in western New Mexico, Pueblo people had had enough of Christianity. . . . Backed by armed force and not reluctant to use the whip, Catholic missionaries had set out to destroy the ancestral Pueblo world in every respect, including what people could believe and how they could marry, work, live their lives, and pray. When the rebels could capture Franciscan priests, they killed them, sometimes after torturing them. They destroyed Catholic images, tore down mission churches, and defiled the vessels of the Catholic Mass. They put an end to marriages on Christian terms. They restored the kivas where Pueblo men had honored their ancestral Kachinas. With Catholic symbols and Spanish practices gone, the Pueblos set out to restore the lives their ancestors had lived.

– Edward Countryman
"The Pueblo Revolt”

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, also known as Popé’s Rebellion, was most likely the result of

a single factor, namely the aggressive religious conversion efforts of the Pueblo people.
a combination of factors, which included aggressive religious conversion efforts and the forced labor of the Pueblo people by Spanish conquistadors.
a single factor, namely the forced labor of the Pueblo people by Spanish conquistadors.
a combination of factors, which included the forced labor of the Pueblo and forced marriage of Pueblo women to Spanish conquistadors.

Answer 1

A combination of factors, which included aggressive religious conversion efforts and the forced labor of the Pueblo people by Spanish Conquistadors.

In the Spanish colonies, the conquistadors established several labor systems onto the Pueblo people and also forced their religion, Catholicism, onto them. The Pueblo people were stripped of their native belief systems and put under cruel labor conditions, so they revolted against the Spanish.