The correct answer is B. The American industrial revolution had a major impact on Americans socially and economically.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a historical essay, the purpose of the author should be to present, explain and support a claim or position about a specific historical event. This claim is expressed in the thesis statement and should be debatable, this means it needs to be supported through facts and evidence to be proven. Moreover, it is necessary to be specific and focus on one specific event or era.
According to this, the statement that would be an effective thesis statement or claim, in this case, is option B. because it focuses on the American Industrial revolution which is the main topic, and it expresses a debatable position about this event because the author will need to prove how this event had a major impact on citizens of the U.S. On the other hand, other options express just facts rather than positions about and event, and therefore are not appropriate for an essay.