Final Answers:
B. WBCs and gram-negative rods
D. Mixed aerobic and anaerobic organisms
A. Surgical debridement and broad-spectrum antibiotics
A. Actinomyces israelii
A. It is notoriously resistant to antibiotics
Step-by-step explanation:
1. Gram stain: The presence of white blood cells (WBCs) indicates inflammation, and gram-negative rods are commonly associated with dental abscesses. Therefore, option B is the most likely result.
2. Culture: While pure cultures are possible, mixed aerobic and anaerobic organisms are more common in oral infections due to the diverse microbiota present. Hence, option D is most likely.
3. Treatment: Surgical debridement to drain pus and broad-spectrum antibiotics to target potential bacterial diversity are standard management for abscesses. So, option A is the appropriate choice.
4. Sinus tracts: Actinomyces israelii, an anaerobic bacteria, can form branching sinus tracts within tissues. This characteristic makes it a concern in cases where the infection seems to be spreading through these pathways. Therefore, option A is the most relevant organism.
5. Resistance: Actinomyces israelii is known for its resistance to various antibiotics, making it a challenging organism to treat. Hence, option A accurately explains the concern with this specific bacterium.
These answers consider the clinical context of the scenario, emphasizing the typical findings and management strategies for dental abscesses while highlighting the specific concerns associated with Actinomyces israelii infections.
Disclaimer: This information is intended for educational purposes only and should not be interpreted as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.