Final answer:
The Electoral College elects the president of the United States using a group of electors equal to the number of representatives and senators from each state, plus additional electors for the District of Columbia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Electoral College elects the president of the United States. This is a unique system where electors, who are chosen based on each state's representation in Congress, formally cast votes for the president and vice president. In most cases, these electors vote according to the popular vote of the state they represent, though there are occasions where they can vote differently. The electoral vote can differ from the popular vote, leading to outcomes where the candidate with the most votes nationally does not necessarily win the presidency. This system has been a topic of debate, with some advocating for a shift to direct elections akin to those for members of Congress.
In summary, the Electoral College consists of 538 electors, with the allocation based on each state's congressional representation plus three electors for the District of Columbia. Maine and Nebraska use the congressional district method to allocate their votes, while the remaining states use a winner-takes-all approach. The complete process culminates in the newly elected president being inaugurated in January following the election.