Answer:
D.All the above
Step-by-step explanation:
The revolution of 1830 is the transfer of power from the Bourbon house to the Orleans house, under the principle of popular sovereignty over the king’s divine right and the establishment of a liberal regime in France. In 1848, there was the bourgeois-democratic revolution, whose task was to establish civil rights and freedoms (which subsequently resulted in the Louis Philippe I abdication of the throne and the proclamation of the Second Republic).
Both revolutions represented a movement towards the expansion of the democratic rights and freedoms of the French; the first one was anti-monarchist (against the Bourbons), while the second was anti-oligarchic.