Answer:
The right answer is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pope was a much more powerful figure in the Middle Ages than he is today, when he remains a great moral authority. The Vatican instigated some of the crusades against infidels to take back Jerusalem and the Holy Land; popes excommunicated people considered as heretics or church enemies; the papacy also played a major role in chosing or imposing new kings in some countries.