Answer:
4th stage (Loyalty and order)
Step-by-step explanation:
Kohlberg did some studies on morality and proposed a theory on moral development.
Kohlberg defined three different levels of morality (and each level consists in 2 stages). These levels are:
- preconventional,
- conventional and
- postconventional
In the preconventional level, the person's morality is externally controlled and therefore acts based on what the punishment will be (1st stage) or based on what good will be for him/her by acting in some way (2nd stage)
The conventional level stages also have to to with external controls but now the person thinks in function of ensure positive relationships and societal order. The third stage here depends on the approval of others. The fourth stage has to do with accepting rules because they preserve the society order and functioning.
The postconventional level stages are defined in more abstract principles or values. The 5th stage sees the world as a place with different values that must be respected. Finally the 6th stage is based in universal ethical abstract principles.
In the question, Alexander gets upset about the stealing of the books and he is worried about the functioning of the campus if everyone stole books.
We can see that Alexander still has an external control and it focus in preserving the correct functioning of society. Therefore we can say that Alexander is reasoning at the 4th stage (Loyalty and order)