Final answer:
Deviance ethnographers can engage in both overt and covert research, depending on the research topic, setting, and goals of the study.
Step-by-step explanation:
Deviance ethnographers can engage in both overt and covert research. Overt research involves being upfront about the researcher's presence and purpose, like what the Lynds did in Muncie, Indiana. Covert research, on the other hand, involves remaining anonymous and not alerting people to the researcher's presence. The choice between overt and covert research depends on the research topic, the setting, and the goals of the study.