Final answer:
Space shuttle tiles, sandstone, and quartz glass differ due to their silicon dioxide structures, with amorphous and crystalline arrangements resulting in varying properties such as thermal resistance, light refraction, and structural integrity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Space shuttle tiles, sandstone, and the glass in quartz halogen lamps are all made from silicon dioxide, but they exhibit vastly different properties due to the various ways in which silicon and oxygen atoms can be arranged. The differing structures account for the unique characteristics of each material.
Amorphous vs. Crystalline Structures:
Amorphous silica, such as the one used in shuttle tiles, does not have a regular crystal structure which gives it insulating properties and resistance to thermal shock. In contrast, quartz in its crystalline form can cleave smoothly and refract light, which is why it is used in jewelry and frequency controls in radio transmitters. Sandstone is a sedimentary rock comprising of compacted sand grains, which largely consist of crystalline quartz, explaining its use in architecture and construction.
Properties Dependent on Structure:
The unique arrangement of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra leads to differences in density, thermal expansion, optical properties, and overall durability. This is why despite being composed of the same base substance, the resulting materials exhibit characteristics that suit their specific industrial or decorative uses.