Question

A positive number is 5 times another number.

If we subtract 1 from the larger and add 3 to the smaller, then one of them becomes 3 times the
other.

Answer 1

X = smaller
Y = larger

Y = 5x
Y - 1 = 3(x + 3)

Substitute
5x - 1 = 3(x + 3)
5x - 1 = 3x + 9
5x = 3x + 10
2x = 10
x = 5

Smaller is 5
Larger is 25

Check
25 - 1 = 3(5+ 3)
24 = 3(8)
24 = 24