Answer:
$43.2
Explanation:
Given Formula :

r is in decimals
Where c is the final cost of the item
p is the price of the item before tax.
Now we are supposed to find the final cost of a $40 item after an 8% tax is applied
So, r = 8% = 0.08
p = $40
Substitute the values in the formula :

So,

Hence the final cost of a $40 item after an 8% tax is applied is $43.2