Answer:
None of the options are correct
Step-by-step explanation:
Cesare Beccaria was the forerunner of the classical theory of criminology, he advocated that criminal conduct is based on a purely rational choice of the individual, who comparatively analyzes the benefits and risks inherent in the criminal act, opting for crime if it is more advantageous.
Inspired by several Enlightenment thinkers such as Mostesquieu, Beccaria formulated a more pedagogical and less irascible criminal justice system as it had been during practically the entire medieval period (beheadings, quarters, stoning, among other severe forms of punishment). This system provided for imprisonment as a form of punishment and a period of reflection for the criminal about his crime.
Over time, classical theory has become obsolete, but it is worth highlighting its importance from the point of view of criminology, especially because it reformulated the archaic penal system inherited from the medieval period. Classical criminology opened the door to the constant improvement of the penal system through constant discoveries that cut down on crime in a more just and revealing way.