Question

Who are likely to show the greatest similarity in temperament?

Question options:

a) Vincent Sr. and Vincent Jr., father and son

b) Ruth and Ramona, identical twins

c) Philip and Paul, fraternal twins

d) Larry and Laura, brother and sister

Answer 1

Identical twins, Ruth and Ramona, are likely to show the greatest similarity in temperament.

Step-by-step explanation:

The greatest similarity in temperament is likely to be shown by Ruth and Ramona, identical twins (option b).

Research has shown that identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities. This suggests a strong heritability of some personality traits. Traits such as leadership, obedience to authority, sense of well-being, and fearfulness are among those reported to have a high heritability ratio.

In the context of the question, Vincent Sr. and Vincent Jr. (option a) could have some similarities in temperament due to shared genetics, but they may also have been influenced by different environmental factors. Fraternal twins like Philip and Paul (option c) share only about 50% of their genes, so they are less likely to have as much similarity in temperament as identical twins. And Larry and Laura (option d), as siblings who are not twins, also share only about 50% of their genes and may have been influenced by different factors outside of genetics, such as birth order or individual experiences.

Answer 2

Option B, Ruth and Ramona, identical twins

Explanations -

Identical twins have originated from the same gene and hence they have similar biological characteristics. However with time, changes in behaviour are seen due to change in environment and culture in which they grow up. Most of the identical twins even have the same sex.

Temperaments in identical twins will show greatest care similarity as these individuals share the same genome.

Hence, option B is correct.