Question

A dog learns that if she sits, her owner will give her a treat. The dog likes treats, so she will repeat the sitting behavior often in order to get a treat. This example best illustrates: respondent behavior. spontaneous recovery. observational learning. operant conditioning. 2. The process of learning associations between a stimulus and a response is called: spontaneous recovery. observational learning. associative learning. acquisition. 3. In his experiments, Pavlov found that spontaneous recovery often occurred after a conditioned response was extinguished if: the tone was sounded again and again while presenting food to the dogs. the neutral stimulus (NS) was presented before the conditioned response (CR). after a few hours without the food (US), the tone (CS) was presented again. the tone was sounded again and again without presenting food to the dogs. 4. Carolyn is busy with project work that she brought home. Her son wants her to set up a movie for him. Carolyn tells him to wait for 10 minutes, but he whines and complains so much that Carolyn decides to just go ahead with it. Her son's whining best illustrates: respondent behavior. conditioned (secondary) reinforcement. negative reinforcement. shaping behavior.

Answer 1

The dog sitting for a treat is an example of operant conditioning, where its behavior is strengthened by a reward. Associative learning is the process where a stimulus becomes linked with a response, as in both classical and operant conditioning. Spontaneous recovery occurs when an extinguished conditioned response reappears after a rest period without the conditioned stimulus.

Step-by-step explanation:

The dog's behavior of sitting to receive a treat is an example of operant conditioning, where a behavior and its consequence are associated. Specifically, the dog learns that a desired consequence (getting a treat) follows a certain behavior (sitting), and so increases the frequency of that behavior.

The process of learning associations between a stimulus and a response is referred to as associative learning. This occurs both in classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus, and in operant conditioning, where a behavior becomes associated with a consequence.

Spontaneous recovery happens in classical conditioning when an extinguished conditioned response reappears after a period with no exposure to the conditioned stimulus. Pavlov found that after a rest period without the conditioned stimulus, the conditioned response would reappear when the conditioned stimulus was presented again.

In the scenario with Carolyn and her son, the son's whining leads to an immediate desired outcome of watching a movie. Carolyn's behavior is thus negatively reinforced because the whining, an aversive stimulus, is removed when she gives in. This is an example of negative reinforcement in operant conditioning.