Answer and explanation
1. My own choice of words
This is not a complete sentence but a fragment. It's a noun phrase that has the main noun choice and its complements. It lacks a verb so it doesn't make it a full sentence.
2. The teacher gave/ the class / a grueling test.
subject transitive indirect object direct object
The direct object in this sentence answers the question: What did the teacher give to the class? The direct object is a noun or noun phrase that is the recipient of a transitive verb. The WHAT is important.
The indirect object in this sentence answers the question: To whom the teacher gave a grueling test? The indirect object is a noun phrase or pronoun that represents who or what is receiving the action. The WHO is important.
3. The quarterback's abilities / were/ obvious to everyone.
subject verb predicate adjective
The predicate adjective is an adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject (the obvious abilities). Example of linking verbs are: verb to be, look, taste, smell, feel, sound, seem, appear. They need something else to work.
4. But are facing extinction. This is not a complete sentence because it lacks the subject. It can be a noun phrase or a pronoun. We have to ask ourselves: "what or who is facing extinction?"
5. SPRINTED is a simple predicate.
The Simple Predicate is a verb or verb phrase in a sentence. It doesn't give any other information.
6. COIN is a simple subject.
The Simple Subject is just a single noun or pronoun that doesn't have modifiers.
7. The two sentences that have predicate nominatives are:
Cats are incredibly cute animals.
Music is one of the best tools to help focus while studying.
A predicate nominative is the complement of a linking verb. In both sentences we find the linking verb "to be" and what follows is the predicate nominative.
8. The complete sentence is:
The wolf will be extinct in a few years.
It has a subject (The wolf) and a predicate (will be extinct in a few years).