Answer:
The correct answer is B) the bullwhip effect.
Step-by-step explanation:
The bullwhip effect is a phenomenon observed in distribution channels. It refers to a trend of larger and larger changes in inventory in response to changes in customer demand, when one looks at companies at the back of the supply chain for a product. The concept first appeared in Jay Forrester Industrial Dynamics (1961) and is therefore also known as the Forrester effect Since the magnification of the oscillating demand uphill of a supply chain is reminiscent of the cracks of a whip, it was known as the effect bullwhip.