Answer:
The correct answer is 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
Actuarial gains and losses are better understood in the context of global pension accounting. Except when specifically indicated, this definition refers to pension accounting under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP). While the US GAAP and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) prescribe similar principles for measuring pension benefit obligations, there are key differences in the way in which the two standards inform the cost of pensions in the income statement, in particular the treatment of actuarial gains and losses.