Final answer:
The wave shown is a transverse wave, like a light wave, with perpendicular oscillations to the direction of travel. Sound waves are mechanical waves with oscillations in the direction of travel. Interference patterns provide experimental evidence that light behaves as a wave.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of wave shown is a transverse wave, which is presented in the context of light waves. Transverse waves are characterized by oscillations that are perpendicular to the direction of the wave's advance. This is analogous to the way light waves propagate, with their electric and magnetic fields oscillating perpendicularly to their direction of travel. In a transverse wave, you can view wave fronts or crests, similar to how you would see ocean waves from above. Sound waves, on the other hand, are an example of mechanical waves because they require a medium to propagate and their oscillations occur in the direction of the wave's travel.
As for the type of experimental evidence that indicates that light is a wave, the phenomenon of interference provides compelling evidence. When two or more light waves intersect, they can constructively or destructively interfere with each other, creating patterns that are characteristic of wave behavior, such as seen in the famous double-slit experiment conducted by Thomas Young.