The correct answer is C. Adaptation
Step-by-step explanation:
Adaptation is a biological process that involves a change in behavior or traits that help organisms to fit their environment and have better chances of survival. This process is the result of other natural phenomena such as natural selection in which certain traits that represent a survival advantage prevail over time.
The case of the Peppered Moth is an example of adaptation because due to changes in the color of the bark of trees Pepper moths had to change to fit with this new environment and survive. This occurred due to natural selection that made dark moths to have a survival advantage over withe moths that could be seen by predators. As a result over time, the color of the Peppered moth (Phenotype or observable trait) changed.