Final answer:
In science, an educated guess is known as a hypothesis, which is a testable proposition based on evidence. A scientific theory, on the other hand, is a substantiated explanation supported by extensive evidence.
Step-by-step explanation:
In science, an educated guess is typically referred to as a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a tentative or proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon, which is based on evidence and must be testable so that it can be proven or disproven through experimentation and observation. In contrast, a scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, supported by a significant body of evidence and repeated testing. Theories are broader than hypotheses and have withstood extensive scrutiny and validation.
It’s important to note that a scientific theory is not a random or simple guess; rather, it is an advanced stage of understanding that explains why and how phenomena occur. A theory encompasses many hypotheses and experimental results, forming a comprehensive explanation of a natural phenomenon.