Final answer:
An ion with 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 10 electrons would have a mass of about 16 amu and a charge of 2-, which corresponds to option (b).
Step-by-step explanation:
An ion composed of 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 10 electrons will have a mass of approximately 16 amu and a charge of 2-. This configuration corresponds to option (b) in the question provided. The atomic mass unit (amu) is a standard unit of mass that quantifies mass on an atomic or molecular scale. Protons and neutrons each have a mass of approximately 1 amu, while the mass of an electron is much smaller and usually considered negligible when calculating atomic mass. The charge of an ion is determined by the difference between the number of protons and the number of electrons. Since protons have a charge of 1+, and electrons have a charge of 1-, having two more electrons than protons results in a 2- charge for the ion.