Answer:
Mercator Projection
Step-by-step explanation:
Since the beginning of time people have struggled with how to represent the surface of the earth on a plane.
The major problem is that the earth is round while the plane is not, making difficult to express exact distance and proportion.
Overtime different type of projections have been studied in order to pursue different objectives: the Mercator projection has straight parallel lines and is often used for ship navigation.
It was invented by Gerardus Mercator in 1569, and it's one of the most common representation of the earth.
It is used for navigation purpose because it helps navigator design straight lines, but it has some major issues in terms of disproportion between places.