Final answer:
Avogadro's number is 6.022 × 10²³ particles per mole, a fundamental constant in chemistry representing the number of particles in a mole. The most accurate figure to use is 6.022 × 10²³ mol⁻¹, and it is essential for converting between microscopic and macroscopic quantities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Avogadro's Number and Mole
Avogadro's number is a fundamental constant in chemistry used to specify the number of particles in one mole of a substance. This constant is named in honor of the Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro. The correct value of Avogadro's number is 6.022 × 10²³ particles per mole, often written as 6.022 × 10²³ mol⁻¹. It is this specific number of atoms, molecules, or other particle units that makes up one mole, which is a standard unit of measurement in chemistry for quantifying amounts of a substance.
The significant figure 6.02 is widely used as an approximation for calculations; however, the most current defined value is 6.02214076 × 10²³. Avogadro's number allows chemists to convert between the microscopic world of atoms and molecules and the macroscopic world of grams and kilograms, making it an essential tool for understanding chemical reactions and properties of matter.
It's important to note that the numbers proposed by the student, such as 8.31, 1.60×10¹⁹, and 1.38×10²³, are not correct values for Avogadro's number. The only accurate representation among the options given is 6.02× 10²³, which equals the number of items in one mole.