Mr. S. is a retired 69-year-old county attorney who was on a buying trip with his wife looking for old, classic cars in the high, mountainous country of Colorado when he became extremely short of breath. His alarmed wife took him to a multispecialty medical clinic for evaluation.On admission to the clinic, Mr. S. was restless and dyspneic. His chest had an increased anteroposterior dimension. His past history revealed a habit of smoking two packs of cigarettes a day for 45 years. During the past few years, Mr. S. noticed a cough each morning on arising. Recently, while working in his flower garden, he had to stop at times to catch his breath. Even while watching television, he had experienced dyspnea.A chest radiograph was taken, and pulmonary function tests were done. The chest radiograph revealed a flat, low diaphragm with lung hyperinflation but clear fields. Pulmonary function tests showed decreased tidal volume and vital capacity, increased total lung capacity, and prolonged forced expiratory volume. Which pulmonary disease is exhibited by Mr. S.’s symptoms? Justify your answer and explain the mechanisms behind the manifestations?