Question

Which statement describes stage 4 of Kohlberg’s theory?

a. Child recognizes that there is more than one right view.
b. Child shows respect for authority and maintains the social order.
c. Adolescents choose to avoid a party where they know beer will be served.
d. Individual wants to win approval and maintain the expectations of one’s immediate group.
e. Child’s response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules.

Answer 1

b) Child shows respect for authority and maintains the social order

Step-by-step explanation:

Lawrence Kohlberg was an American psychologist who proposed a theory of children's moral development. He suggests there are three levels of morality, each containing two stages; as explained below.

• Level I: Preconventional morality: based on external control

Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation

- Obeys rules to avoid trouble/punishment.

Stage 2: Instrumental Orientation

- Satisfying self's needs comes first and foremost

• Level II: Conventional morality: based on social relationships and roles

Stage 3: Good Boy - Nice Girl Orientation

- Looks for approval of others

Stage 4: Law-and-Order Orientation

- Obeys the authority to maintain social order

• Level III: Postconventional morality: based on individual principles

Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation

- Laws are perceived as rational and functional

Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles

- Self conscience and personal ethical principles

To answer the question, the statement "(b) Child shows respect for authority and maintains the social order." describes stage 4 of Kohlberg's theory.