The correct answer is D) James Madison.
Much of the First Amendment to the Constitution like Freedom of Speech and Religion was first thought of by James Madison.
During the Constitutional Convention held in the city of Philadephia, Pennsylvania, 55 delegates from the states spend months debating about the new kind of government for the United States. Some delegates wanted to fix weak spots of the Articles of Confederation. Others, like the Federalist Alexander Hamilton, wanted a new form of government based on a strong central government. After many debates between federalists and anti-federalists, the Bill of Rights, drafted by James Madison, made improvements possible.