Question

During every election in a particular region, pollsters conduct exit polls to help determine which candidate people voted for. During the most recent election, pollsters incorrectly predicted candidate A the winner over candidate B. When asked how this error could have happened, the pollsters cited interviewer error due to the fact that since many of the interviewers were young, only young voters selected in the sample agreed to be interviewed, and young voters tended to favor candidate A. Plus a computer error caused some responses to be deleted before tabulation of the results. In addition, the method of selecting individuals to be interviewed led to selecting a lower proportion of female voters, and candidate B was favored by females. Explain which nonsampling errors led to the incorrect conclusion regarding the election Select all nonsampling errors that led to the incorrect conclusion regarding the election below A. No nonsampling errors led to the incorrect conclusion in this case.

B. Data-entry error is a nonsampling error that contributed to the incorrect conclusion because the errors in data entry favored candidate A.
C. Nonresponse bias is a nonsampling error that contributed to the incorrect conclusion because the individuals who were selected for polling but did not respond voted differently than those who did respond to the polling.
D. Interviewer error is a nonsampling error that contributed to the incorrect conclusion because the interviewers did not interview young voters.

Answer 1

Several nonsampling errors including interviewer error, data-entry error, nonresponse bias, and selection bias led to the incorrect prediction of an election outcome.

Step-by-step explanation:

Given the situation described, where pollsters incorrectly predicted the winner of an election in a particular region, there are several nonsampling errors that led to the incorrect conclusion. Firstly, there was an interviewer error because the young interviewers may have caused nonresponses from groups other than young voters, who were more likely to prefer Candidate A, leading to a nonresponse bias. Secondly, a data-entry error occurred because some responses were lost due to computer issues, potentially skewing the results towards one candidate. Lastly, the method of selecting individuals led to a lower proportion of female voters being interviewed, and since Candidate B was favored by females, this resulted in a selection bias. These issues are examples of nonsampling errors that contributed to the inaccurate prediction of the election result.

Answer 2

Option C is the correct answer.

Step-by-step explanation:

As per the scenario, option C is correct.

C. Non response bias is a non sampling error that contributed to the incorrect conclusion because the individuals who were selected for polling but did not respond voted differently than those who did respond to the polling.

Non response bias is the bias, that happens when respondents differ in meaningful ways from non respondents means the individuals who are chosen for the sample are unwilling or unable to participate in the survey.