Question

Arianna has been drinking coffee daily for the past ten years. She says she needs the caffeine to stay awake in her classes and simply to get through the day. If she does not drink coffee on one day, she experiences severe headaches, fatigue and shakiness. Arianna is most likely _____ dependent on caffeine and is experiencing ____

Answer 1

psychologically; drug withdrawal

Step-by-step explanation:

Drug withdrawal, according to psychological texts is defined as the beginning of symptoms, both mental and physical effects in the brain, when a material or substance is not given or reduced to the body. Thus, addiction is both physical and psychological.

Withdrawal symptoms include sweating, vomiting, fatigue, headaches, and anxiety, etc.

Arianna is also affected both psychologically and physically. The tendency to be dependent on the coffee is physical symptoms whereas feeling fatigued, and shakiness is psychological.