Answer:
1. Following the ratification in 1870 of the 15 th Amendment, which barred states from depriving citizens the right to vote based on race, southern states began enacting measures such as poll taxes, literacy tests, all-white primaries, felony disenfranchisement laws, grandfather clauses, fraud and intimidation to keep African Americans from the polls.
2. Such clauses have given rise to the popular term “grandfathered in,” which means that certain people, businesses, or entities are exempt from the new law, rule, or regulation. To explore this concept, consider the following grandfather clause definition. Definition of Grandfather Clause< Noun
3. This social debate gave rise to Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois the two prominent voices for the African-American minority.
Step-by-step explanation: