Question

The law of effect laid the foundation for:

- Garcia and Koelling's research on taste aversion.
- Pavlov's studies of conditioned salivation.
- Skinner's experiments on reinforcement.
- Watson and Rayner's findings on fear conditioning.

Answer 1

The law of effect, which posits that consequences affect the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, was foundational for B.F. Skinner's experiments on reinforcement in the field of operant conditioning.

Step-by-step explanation:

The law of effect, first proposed by Edward Thorndike, posits that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated, and those followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to be repeated. B.F. Skinner further developed this idea and applied it in his experiments on operant conditioning, where he conducted scientific experiments on animals to determine how organisms learn through the consequences of their behavior. Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is that the law of effect laid the foundation for Skinner's experiments on reinforcement.

Answer 2

Answer: Skinner´s experiments on reinforcement.

Explanation: The law of effect, formulated by Edward Thorndike, is a law on behavioral court behavior. According to this law, the responses that are followed (contiguous) with reinforcing consequences will be associated with the stimulus and will be more likely to occur when the stimulus reappears.

On the contrary, if the response to the stimulus is followed by an aversive consequence, the association will be weaker, so the probability of occurrence will be lower. However, he had to revise this theory since in practice, the aversive consequence did not fulfill the purpose of weakening the connection between stimulus and response but rather seemed to have some consequences of pleasure instead of manifesting the response for that purpose.