The correct answer is a) An informed buyer will pay no more for a property than the cost of acquiring another equally desirable property with the same or equal utility.
Step-by-step explanation:
The principle of substitution is a principle in economy that explains a customer or buyer would choose a substitute (product or good with similar or same qualities) to another product if the price of the product increases or there are other products or goods available with a lower price and as long as the customer's economic conditions have not changed.
This means the customer chooses the cheapest option between products available in the market or substitutes a product with others if the new product (substitutes) can be used in the same way than other product. This implies the basis for substitution is that a customer does not pay more for a product if he can get the same or similar product at a lower cost or that "an informed buyer will pay no more for a property than the cost of acquiring another equally desirable property with the same or equal utility".