Final answer:
The Supreme Court case that established judicial review is Marbury v. Madison in 1803.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Supreme Court case that established judicial review is Marbury v. Madison, which was decided in 1803. In this case, Chief Justice John Marshall declared for the first time that the Court had the power to review and overturn acts of Congress that violated the Constitution. This landmark decision gave the Supreme Court the authority to determine whether laws were constitutional and established the principle of judicial review as a key part of the checks and balances system in the United States.