Question

Write the chemical reaction and name the necessary reagents for an efficient synthesis of m-nitrobenzoic acid from toluene. The process may involve multiple stages. Explain in less than 100 words why such a reaction is used and why such reagents are necessary

Answer 1

In the first step you must oxidize toluene to benzoic acid and then with a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids you will add nitro group in metha position.

Step-by-step explanation:

The oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid could be made with KMNO₄. Benzoic acid is metha director. Thus, a addition of H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ will produce the final m-nitrobenzoic acid.

The complete mechanism is in the picture.

I hope it helps!